What Legally Counts as “Disposal” Under Nigerian Capital Gains Tax Law?

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In tax law, disposal does not only mean selling.

A disposal occurs when value is derived from an asset through:

  • Sale
  • Lease
  • Assignment
  • Transfer
  • Compulsory government acquisition
  • Insurance compensation
  • Compensation for loss of employment
  • Forfeiture of rights
  • Surrender of rights
  • Granting rights to use an asset

Even if no physical buyer acquires the asset, it may still be treated as a disposal.

Part Disposal

If you sell only a portion of an asset, for example, part of a large parcel of land, it is treated as a part disposal, and the acquisition cost must be proportionately allocated.

Instalment Sales

If payment is received over more than 12 months, the gain is spread across the years in proportion to the instalments received.

Market Value Rule

If assets are transferred:

  • To family members
  • To related companies
  • At undervalued prices

The tax authority may substitute the transaction price with the market value.

This rule prevents artificial undervaluation designed to reduce tax liability.

Understanding what constitutes disposal is critical before signing contracts.

At 2GDB Consulting, we provide transaction structuring advisory to ensure tax efficiency and compliance from day one.

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